SHORT FUNCTIONAL TEXT

1.       Greeting Card

Dear Rony,

Congratulation for being number one in your class.

Hope you can defend it.

Dora

The Purpose : To congratulate rony as champion

2.      Announcement

Announcement

To all students in SMPN 1 Purwosari,  In comemorating the 29th school birthday. The school will hold a variety of activities competitions, like leisurely stroll, race hygiene classes, Sack Race, Quiz, and many more. You can follow the activities that you like. All activities will begin on Saturday, 22 May at the school field. If you are interested you can sign up to your class teacher.

The Purpose : To inform all students of SMP 1 Purwosari that the school will hold a contest to commemorate the anniversary of the school

3.      Letter

Jl. Condet No. 43 Kramatjati
Jakarta Timur 13530
November 7, 2012


Dear Imam

It's been so long I haven't seen your face again. How are you? I hope see your face again, since I saw you last year. I am in holiday right now. It's great.

I spent my school holiday to go camping in Ciremai Mountain. You know, this was our hobby that we admired most. I was getting a nice moment here, you know after studying hard in the school, this was the time to refresh my mind. My camping was accompanied by our friend Sanusi. Did you still remember Sanusi? The little fat man who always carried a big bag. You would never forget that person.

I came here, in the camping land with Cirebon Nature Lovers. It was so fun, we did a lot of great job here. We explored the mountain and cleaned the mountain from the trash. We collected and gathered the trash and brought them to the camping land. In the camping land, we burnt the trash to creat fire. When the fire was lit up, we people were like in a party. We danced, laughed, sang, and laughed. That was a great moment.

I hope your holiday's been going well for you too. My holiday that day would complete if you were there with me and Sanusi. Would you like to meet up some time in the next holiday?

Your besr freind,
(Singnature)

P.S. Sanusi says hi.

The Purpose : To inform the priest on vacation sanusi

4.      Invitation

DINNER PARTY

On Wednesday August 13 th in classs VIII A at eight o’clock. All students of VIII A are supposed to join bring one or two friends and wear your funniest clothest make the party fun

The Purpose : To inform all students of VIII A about the party fun

5.      Notice/Sign/Caution

a.       Notice

Keep The Door Closed

The Purpose : To inform that the door is always closed

b.      Sign

                        

The  Purpose : No Smoking Area

c.       Caution

                          

The Purpose : to inform not to eat and drink here

6.      Advertisement

                     

The Purpose :  To inform you that the items are available now

Arrogant Rabbit and Tortoise

       In a small forest on the outskirts of the village, there is a rabbit that arrogant. She likes to taunt other animals that are weaker. Other animals such as turtles, snails, ants, and other small animals no one likes the cocky rabbit. One day, the rabbit walks arrogantly looking for in a weak opponent he scoffed. Incidentally he met a turtle.
         "Hey, the turtle, the slow, you do not run off the road .. aja dong so, let me quickly up," said Rabbit Sambir shoot out the lip to the Tortoise.
       "Let the Rabbits, is a slow path. Important thing I got to my destination safely, rather than quickly later fell and was injured," Turtle replied calmly.
       "Hey, turtles, what if we run race., If you can win a gift I will give you anything you ask for," Hare said with a laugh. In his heart he said, "How could he be able to defeat me."
       "Well, rabbits, how could I compete with racing, you can run and jump quickly, while I go step by step while carrying my heavy," said the turtle.
      "I can not, you should not reject my challenge this. Anyway I'll see you tomorrow morning under the banyan tree. I will contact Mr. Wolf to be the referee," Rabbit force.
     Turtles can only be silent stare. In his heart said:
             "There's no way I can beat the Rabbit?"
         The next day Rabbit was waiting Proudly under the banyan tree. Mr. Wolf also has come to be a referee. Once the turtles come, Mr. Wolf said:
     "The rules are like this, you start from there the next line under the mango tree. Guys can not see?"
     "Can ... can ...," Rabbit and Turtle replied. "Well who could come first under the banyan tree, that's what wins," said Mr. Wolf again.
     "Okay, ... one .... two ... three ... go!" The wolf pack gestured. Rabbits jump immediately preceded the tortoise, who began to walk slowly, because he could not leave his house.
     "Come on the turtles, run dong .....!" Rabbit shouted from a distance.
     "I will wait here for ya ...," he said with a mock turtle. Rabbit sitting around singing. That time the wind blows gently and cool, so that makes Rabbit became drowsy, and, shortly after Rabbit was asleep!
         Slowly but surely the turtles move mightily. he quietly passed Rabbits who had fallen asleep. A few more steps he will reach the finish. When that's the Rabbit up. How shocked he was when he saw the tortoise had almost reached the finish. Mightily he ran and jumped to catch turtles. But it was too late, turtle feet have touched the finish line and Mr. Wolf has decided that the winner is TORTOISE. The Arrogant Rabbit paused as if not believing that he could fall asleep.
     "Well, who wins Rabbit?" asked the tortoise to the hare.
     "Well, it turns out you win the tortoise," said the shy rabbit.
      "Now I'm just one of you, you do not get cocky anymore, not like mocking anymore, and do not be naughty, huh?" said the tortoise.
      "Yeah lah turtles, from now on I will not be arrogant again, would not scoff anymore. Forgive me yes," said the rabbit.
      "Yeah, okay, now we're friends right?" said the tortoise. Since then the rabbit is not arrogant anymore.

The moral: Do not be so arrogant person

Keywords:

a.       Arrogant              : Sombong

b.      Defeat                  : Mengalahkan

c.       Destination           : Tujuan

d.      Incidentally           : Selentingan

e.      Immediately          : Segera

f.        Mightily                : Dengan Kuat

Diary

Wednesday, 10 October 2012
gif dough toys with my friends while learning the art of culture, until all the white uniform, but fun

Thursday, 11 October 2012
can new science of PO

Friday, 12 October 2012
exercise time, and exercise basketball: (

Saturday, 13 October 2012
see Windy is practicing with a wrap scarf

Sunday, 14 October 2012
my family went to the Gramedia store but it turned out there was not buying anything. what a pity ...

Monday, 15 October 2012
as usual I went off course and the course is now the subjects that I like the math. after being given the matter turns out I finished first and scored 100. it's great

Tuesday, 16 October 2012
studied biology with a supervisor

Wednesday, 17 October 2012
repetition time midterm english which makes me tremble.

Thursday, 18 October 2012
first experience as a teacher and it was difficult with pratmasita

Friday, 19 October 2012
basketball again, basketball again

Saturday, 20 October 2012
can new knowledge of self-improvement dance

Sunday, 21 October 2012
I re-visited the Gramedia store and finally I bought the book. it was great

Monday, 22 October 2012
following the first selection for the school anniversary

Tuesday, 23 October 2012
following the second selection for the school anniversary

Wednesday, 24 October 2012
celebrate the school's birthday and featuring a song for my class smpn 1 yosowilangun. and finally smoothly without any hindrance.

Proses Pencernaan Makanan

Proses Pencernaan Makanan

1.       Mulut

Di dalam rongga mulut terdapat tiga macam alat pelengkap yang membantu proses pencernaan, yaitu gigi, lidah, dan kelenjar ludah.

a.       Gigi

1.       Susunan gigi

Gigi berperan dalam awal proses pencernaan dan terjadi secara mekanik, yaitu melalui penghancuran makanan menjadi potongan-potongan yang lebih kecil dan memperluas permukaan makanan. Selama pertumbuhan, manusia mempunyai dua macam perangkat gigi, yaitu seperangkat gigi susu dan seperangkat gigi tetap.gigi susu mulai tumbuh antara enam hingga delapan bulan setelah kelahiran. Gigi susu akan lepas semua dan digantikan oleh gigi tetap.

2.       Fungsi gigi

Gigi berfungsi dalam pencernaan mekanik, yaitu menghancurkan makanan. Gigi seri, berbentuk seperti kapak dengan ujung rata, terletak di depan, dan berfungsi memotong makanan. Gigi taring, ujungnya runcing, terletak diantara gigi seri dan gigi geraham, berfungsi mengoyak atau merobek makanan. Gigi geraham permukaannya melebar dan bergelombang, terletak dibelakang gigi taring, berfungsi mengunyah atau menghaluskan makanan.

3.       Struktur gigi

Setiap gigi mempunyai 3 bagian, yaitu puncak gigi/mahkota gigi, leher gigi dan akar gigi. Puncak gigi/ mahkota merupakan bagian yang tampak dari luar. Bagian luar puncak gigi dilapisi oleh lapisan keras yang berwarna putih yang disebut email. Fungsi email untuk memperkuat dan melindungi tulang gigi yang terbuat dari dentin. Leher gigi berada di dalam gusi. Akar gigi tertanam di dalam rahang. Bagian luar akar gigi dilapisi semen. Di dalam gigi terdapat rongga gigi (pulpa) yang mengandung pembuluh darah dan saraf.

b.       Lidah

Lidah berfungsi untuk membantu mengecap/merasakan makanan, membantu menempatkan makanan sehingga mudah dikunyah, dan membantu menelan/mendorong makanan masuk kedalam kerongkongan.

c.       Kelenjar ludah

Kelenjar ludah berfungsi menghasilkan ludah/air liur. Di dalam ludah terdapat enzim ptialin yang berguna untuk mengubah zat tepung menjadi zat gula. Jadi, ludah berfungsi untuk membuat rongga mulut lebih steril, membasahi makanan, dan mencerna makanan secara kimiami

2.       Pangkal kerongkongan (faring)

Faring merupakan persimpangan antara kerongkongan dan tenggorokan yang merupakan saluran pernafasan. Pada pangkal faring terdapat katup yang disebut epiglotis. Epiglottis berfungsi menutup pangkal tenggorokan pada waktu menelan sehingga makanan tidak masuk ke saluran pernapasan.

3.       Kerongkongan

Kerongkongan merupakan saluran sepanjang 20 cm di belakang saluran pernapasan yang menghubungkan antara mulut dan lambung. Makanan dapat bergerak dari mulut ke lambung karenen adanya gerak peristaltik oleh dinding otot kerongkongan. Gerak peristaltik adalah gerakan otot dinding saluran pencernaan berupa gerak kembang-kempis atau gerak memijit/meremas-remas.

4.       Lambung

Lambung terdiri atas 3 bagian, yaitu kardiak (bagian atas), fundus (bagian tengah), pylorus (bagian bawah). Lambung mempunyai 2 macam otot lingkar (sfinkter) yang berfungsi mengatur masuk atau keluarnya makanan di lambung. Otot lingkar yang pertama adalah otot lingkar kardiak yang terletak di ujung lambung yang yang berbatasan dengan kerongkongan. Otot lingkar berfungsi menjaga makanan agar tetap berada di dalam dan tidak kembali ke kerongkongan. Otot lingkar yang kedua adalah otot lingkar pylorus yang terletak di ujung lambung yang berbatasan dengan usus halus.

Getah lambung terdiri atas asam klorida (HCI), enzim pepsinogen, dan rennin. HCI berfungsi untuk mematikan bakteri yang terbawa oleh makanan, merangsang sekresi getah usus, dan mengaktifkan pepsinogen menjadi pepsin. Pepsin berfungsi mencerna protein menjadi molekul-molekul yang lebih kecil yang disebut pepton. Rennin berfungsi menggumpalkan kasein yang terdapat di dalam usus.

5.       Usus halus

Usus halus terdiri atas 3 bagian, yaitu duodenum (usus dua belas jari), jejunum (usus kosong), dan ileum (usus penyerapan)

a.       Duodenum (usus dua belas jari)

Di bagian ini bermuara dua saluran, yaitu saluran empedu dan saluran pankreas. Saluran empedu mengalirkan getah empedu yang dihasilkan oleh hati. getah pankreas mengandung tiga macam enzim yaitu lipase, amylase, dan tripsin. Lipase berfungsi mencerna lemak menjadi asam lemak dan griserol. Amylase berfungsi mencerna amilum menjadi maltose. Tripsin berfungsi mencerna pepton dan protein menjadi asam amino dan dipeptida.

b.      Jejunum (usus kosong)

Di bagian ini semua proses pencernaan berakhir. Semua zat tepung sudah dicerna menjadi glukosa, semua protein sudah dicerna menjadi asam amino, dan semua lemak dicerna menjadi asam lemak dan gliserol.

c.       Ileum (usus penyerapan)

Untuk mempercepat proses penyerapan sari-sari makanan, usus halus dilengkapi dengan struktur berbentuk lipatan di dalamnya. Lekukan itu di sebut vili dan berfungsi memperluas bidang penyerapan sehingga penyerapan sari-sari makanan menjadi lebih efisien.

6.       Usus besar

Fungsi usus besar yang pertama adalah menyerap air dari sisa-sisa makanan sehingga membentuk feses yang agak padat. Fungsi usus besar yang kedua adalahmenyimpan tinja sampai dikeluarkan dari tubuh melalui anus. Di dalam usus besar terdapat bakteri Escherichia coli yang menguntungkan bagi tubuh kita. Bakteri E. coli tersebut berperan membusukkan sisa-sisa makanan menjadi feses.